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Computer ÍÒ¨¡ÅèÒÇä´éÇèÒÁÒ¨Ò¡á¹Ç¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´¢Í§ÃкºµÑÇàÅ¢ «Öè§ä´é¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃÁÒà»ç¹ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒäӹdzÍÂèÒ§§èÒ æ
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ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·Õè 17 à¤Ã×èͧ¤Ó¹Ç³áººãªéà¿×ͧµÑÇááä´é¡Óà¹Ô´¢Ö鹨ҡ¹Ñ¡¤³ÔµÈÒʵÃìªÒǽÃÑè§àÈÊ ¤×Í Blaise Pascal
â´Â¡Òäӹdz¡ÒúǡáÅÐźä´é ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉà´ÕÂǡѹ¹Ñ¡¤³ÔµÈÒʵÃìªÒÇàÂÍÃÁѹ ¤×Í Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz ä´éÊÃéÒ§à¤Ã×èͧ¤Ó¹Ç³·ÕèÊÒÁÒö·Ó¡ÒäٳáÅÐËÒÃä´é
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ã¹µé¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·Õè 19 ªÒǽÃÑè§àÈʪ×èÍ Joseph Marie Jacquard ä´é¾Ñ²¹Òà¤Ã×èͧ·Í¼éÒ·ÕèÊÒÁÒöµÑé§â»Ãá¡ÃÁä´é â´ÂãªéºÑµÃ¢¹Ò´ãËèà¨ÒÐÃÙà¾×èͤǺ¤ØÁÅÒ·Õè¨Ð»Ñ¡ ºÑµÃà¨ÒÐÃÙ(punchedcard) ·Õèãªé¹Õéä´é¶Ù¡¾Ñ²¹ÒµèÍ æ ÁÒà¾×èÍãªéà»ç¹ÍØ»¡Ã³ì»é͹¢éÍÁÙÅáÅÐâ»Ãá¡ÃÁà¢éÒà¤Ã×èͧ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìã¹Âؤáá æ
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µèÍÁÒã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉà´ÕÂǡѹ ªÒÇÍѧ¡Äɪ×èÍ Charles Babbage ä´éàʹͷÄÉ®Õà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìÊÁÑÂãËÁè àÁ×èÍà¢Òä´éÍ͡Ẻà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡ÃÊÓËÃѺÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì(analytical engine)â´Âãªé¾Åѧ§Ò¹¨Ò¡ä͹éÓ «Öè§ãªéºÑµÃà¨ÒÐÃ٢ͧ Jacquard 㹡Òûé͹¢éÍÁÙÅ ·ÓãËéÁÕ˹èÇÂÃѺ¢éÍÁÙŠ˹èÇ»ÃÐÁÇżÅ˹èÇÂáÊ´§¼ÅáÅÐ˹èÇÂà¡çº¢éÍÁÙÅÊÓÃͧ¤ÃºµÒÁÃٻẺ¢Í§¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìÊÁÑÂãËÁèáµèà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ
ã¹¢³Ð¹Ñé¹äÁèàÍ×éÍÍӹǵèÍ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§ ÍÂèÒ§äáç´Õ Charled Babbage ä´éÃѺ¡ÒáÂèͧÇèÒà»ç¹ºÔ´ÒáË觤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì áÅмÙéÃèÇÁ§Ò¹ª×èÍ Augusta Ada Byron ä´éÃѺ¡ÒáÂèͧÇèÒà»ç¹¹Ñ¡à¢Õ¹â»Ãá¡ÃÁ¤¹áá¢Í§âÅ¡
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àÁ×èÍ»ÃÐÁÒ³»Õ ¤.È. 1886 Dr.Herman Hollerith ä´é¾Ñ²¹Òà¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ´àÃÕ§ºÑµÃà¨ÒÐÃÙ «Ö觷ӧҹâ´Âãªéä¿¿éÒ (electromechanical) ã¹»Õ¤.È. 1924 Hollerith ¨Ñ´µÑ駺ÃÔÉÑ·lnternational Business Machine Corporation (IBM)
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ã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1939 Dr.Howard H.Aiken ä´éÃèÇÁÁ×͡ѺºÃÔÉÑ· IBM Í͡Ẻ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìáÅÐã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1946 Harvard Mark I ä´é¡Óà¹Ô´¢Öé¹à»ç¹¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìà¤Ã×èͧáá ÁÕ¢¹Ò´ÂÒÇ 5 ¿Øµ áÅÐÊÙ§ 8 ¿Øµ ãªéä¿¿éÒáÅÐãªé relay á·¹à¿×ͧ
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ã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1946 John Presper Eckert,Jr. áÅÐ Dr. John W. Mauchly ä´éÊÃéÒ§à¤Ã×èͧ ENIAC(Electronic lntegrator and Calculator) «Ö觷ӧҹ´çàÃçÇ¡ÇèÒ Harvard Mark I ¤ÇÒÁÊÓàÃ稹ÕéÍÙè·Õè¡ÒÃãªéËÅÍ´ÊØÒ¡ÒÈÁÒá·¹ relay
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¡ÒþѲ¹Ò·ÕèÊÓ¤Ñä´éà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ àÁ×èÍ John von Neumann ä´éàʹÍá¼¹ÊÓËÃѺ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìà¤Ã×èͧáá·Õè·Ó¡ÒÃà¡çºâ»Ãá¡ÃÁäÇéã¹Ë¹èǤÇÒÁ¨Ó ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õéà¢ÒÂѧä´é¹ÓÃкºàÅ¢°Ò¹ÊͧÁÒãªé㹤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì ·ÓãËéà¤Ã×èͧ IAS ·ÕèÊÃéÒ§â´Â
Dr. von Neumann à»ç¹à¤Ã×èͧ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìẺà͹¡»ÃÐʧ¤ìà»ç¹à¤Ã×èͧáá
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Dr. von Neumann ä´éÃѺ¡ÒáÂèͧÇèÒà»ç¹ºÔ´Ò¢Í§¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃ줹·ÕèÊͧ
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